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[[File:František Gregor Emmert.png|thumb|František Gregor Emmert in 2005. Photo by Vojtěch Dlask]]
František Gregor Emmert (19 May 1940 – 17 April 2015) was a composer of classical and incidental music from the [[:Category: Czech Republic|Czech]] Republic.

==Biography==
Emmert's ancestors came from the north of Bavaria, in the area around Weiden, Waldmünchen, and Ippesheim. Their history is documented in the local books until the beginning of the 17th century. Gregor Emmert, father of the composer, was born in Bavaria, and the Emmert family moved to Bohemia after World War I.<sup>[1]</sup>

Emmert was born in Mstišov, near Teplice in North Bohemia. In 1954, he went to study in Prague. He graduated from a Music Education High School and went on to take classes at the Prague Conservatory in piano, under Lev Esch, and composition, privately under Jan Zdeněk Bartoš. Later he continued his composition studies at the Janáček Academy of Music and Performing Arts (JAMU) in Brno, under [[Jan Kapr]] and [[Miloslav Ištvan]]. After his graduation in 1975, he started to teach composition at JAMU himself.<sup>[2]</sup>

As a Catholic, Emmert was never a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.<sup>[3]</sup> He represented an alternative to the "Compositional School of Brno" (rationally and numerically composed music by Miloslav Ištvan and [[Alois Piňos]]), and many later Brno composers, including Pavel Zemek, cite him as an influence. In the 1970s, he became one of the key composers for the Husa na Provázku Theatre, where he composed an adaptation of Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel Demons. He also established himself as a composer of symphonic music, with 25 completed symphonies. His chamber and vocal music is inspired by the spiritual meaning of the Catholic Church and mysticism.

In 1991, he became a docent, and in 2006 was named a professor at JAMU.<sup>[4]</sup> His composition classes were taken by many contemporary composers of artificial music, including Mojmír Bártek, Zoja Černovská, Afrodité Katmeridu, Pavel Malý, Martin Štědroň, Leoš Kuba, Mário Buzzi, Barbora Škrlová, Lenka Foltýnová, Ondřej Šárek, Jana Bařinková, Vojtěch Dlask, Tomáš Lučivjanský, Adrian Demoč, Vratislav Zochr, Jan Dobiáš, Irena Franková, Martina Kachlová, David Postránecký and Tereza Zemanová. He received several awards for various compositions.

He died on 17 April 2015 in Brno.<sup>[5]</sup>

His son František Emmert is a writer of non-fiction, with a focus on 20th century history.

== Style ==
Initially, Emmert’s music was heavily inspired by spiritual German music with an emphasis on traditional counterpoint. His early work, until 1975, is marked by avant-garde influences and aleatoric, multiserialism or timbre music. 

From the second half of the 1970s, he went back to his roots as his faith returned. His work became marked by older compositional techniques and influences of the romanticism and medieval music (Guillaume de Machaut). His perception of postmodernism slightly differed from the standards; Emmert did not work with citations, he just arranged harmony.<sup>[6]</sup> He was one of the first Czech composers who could be labelled as postmodernist. His later symphonies from the 21st century (Symphony No. 18 and after) are composed for large symphonic orchestras, usually scored in biform and polytempo for non-traditional instruments such as clarina and baritone oboe.<sup>[7]</sup> These aspects mark Emmert's final stage of composition. Most of his symphonies are subtitled. Symphony No. 25 was the last of Emmert's work premiered, on 1 June 2017 in Brno, by the Ensemble Opera Diversa string orchestra, with soloists Milan Pal’a (viola), Marek Pal’a (organ) and Jarmila Balážová (mezzosoprano), and conducted by Ondrej Olos.<sup>[8]</sup>

== Selected works ==
'''Symphonies'''
* Symphony No. 5 "Kosmické zvony" (Cosmic Bells) for soprano, male choir, tape recorder and orchestra (1971)
* Symphony No. 10 "Euanggelion" (1985)
* Symphony No. 12 "Veraikon" (1986)
* Symphony No. 16 "Útěcha zarmoucených" (Soothing The Saddened) for solo violin, two string quartets and two chamber orchestras (1990)
* Symphony No. 23 "Věčný Jeruzalém" (Jerusalem Eternal, 2004)

'''Chamber music'''
* Tamango (suite for string orchestra and timpani, 1962)
* Sonata for organ (1968)
* Trio for oboe, cello and piano (1985)
* Decimetto for brass instruments (1986)

'''Choral works'''
* Otče náš (Lord's Prayer, 1984)
* Magnificat (1985)
* Biblické písně (Biblical songs, 1986)

== References ==
# Čtveráčková, Petra. Kritická edice 25. symfonie Františka Gregora Emmerta. Bachelor Thesis, Musicology Department at Masaryk University, Brno, 2014. p.9
# Spáčilová, Jana, [http://www.ceskyhudebnislovnik.cz/slovnik/index.php?option=com_mdictionary&task=record.record_detail&id=1256 "Emmert, František"], Český hudební slovník osob a institucí (accessed 22 Feb 2018).
# Dlask, Vojtěch. Dosavadní symfonické dílo Františka Gregora Emmerta. Diploma Thesis, Janáček Academy of Music and Performing Arts, Brno, 2005. p.6
# Čolović, Sofija. Kritická edice cyklu Nirmal Hridaj Františka Emmerta. Diploma Thesis, Musicology Department at Masaryk University, Brno, 2014. p.8
# ČTK (18 April 2015). [https://brnensky.denik.cz/kultura_region/zemrel-hudebni-skladatel-frantisek-gregor-emmert-bylo-mu-74-let-20150418.html "Zemřel hudební skladatel František Gregor Emmert, bylo mu 74 let"] (in Czech). Brněnský deník. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
# Laborová, Anna. František Gregor Emmert: 22. symfonie 2000 Laudate Dominum. Kritická edice. Diploma Thesis, Musicology Department at Masaryk University, Brno, 2016. p.11
# Čolović, Sofija. František Gregor Emmert: Katalog orchestrálních skladeb. Diploma Thesis, Musicology Department at Masaryk University, Brno, 2016. p.14
# Editors of the Ensemble Opera Diversa webpage (7 April 2017). [http://www.operadiversa.cz/premiera-25-symfonie-frantiska-gregora-emmerta/ "Premiéra 25. symfonie Františka Gregora Emmerta"] (in Czech). Ensemble Opera Diversa. Retrieved 24 January 2018.

== Further reading ==
* Bártová, Jindřiška. Jan Kapr: nástin života a díla. Brno: JAMU, 1995.
* Bártová, Jindřiška. "Pozoruhodné dílo mladého skladatele." Kam v Brně za kulturou, no. 2, 1975, pp. 14–15.
* Bártová, Jindřiška. Miloslav Ištvan. Brno: JAMU, 1997.
* Bártová, Jindřiška – OPRŠÁL, Martin. "Vzpomínka na hudebního skladatele Františka
* Gregora Emmerta." Opus musicum, vol. 48, no. 3, 2016, pp. 66–73.
* Ciprys, Pavel. Osobnost Františka Emmerta a jeho duchovní tvorba. Diploma Thesis, The Faculty of Theology at Palacký University, Olomouc, 1998.
* Dlask, Vojtěch. "Milosrdenství jako princip uvolňující zázrak: Neobjevený symfonik
* František Emmert." Opus musicum, vol. 38, no. 1, 2006, pp. 48–51.
* Dlask, Vojtěch. "Symfonická tvorba Františka Gregora Emmerta." Opus musicum, vol. 47, no. 5, 2015, pp. 38–59.
* Emmert, František. "Konfese Františka Emmerta." Opus musicum, vol. 6, no. 8, 1974, pp. 269–270.
* Emmert, František. Poznámky k instrumentaci II. Brno: JAMU, 2001.
* Frajtová, Ivana. Houslové dílo Františka Gregora Emmerta. Diploma Thesis, Janáček Academy of Music and Performing Arts, Brno, 2007.
* Fukač, Jiří. "Emmertova vokální symfonie." Hudební rozhledy, vol. 28, no. 2, 1975, pp. 111–112.
* Havlík, Jaromír. "Co je to symfonie?" Opus musicum, vol. 16, no. 6, 1984, pp. 161–167.
* Havlík, Jaromír. Česká symfonie 1945–1980. Prague: Panton, 1989.
* Hlaváček, Jan. František Emmert: Koncert pro trubku a orchestr. Diploma Thesis, Janáček Academy of Music and Performing Arts, Brno, 1976.
* Kotek, Miroslav. Bicí nástroje. Prague: Panton, 1983.
* Macek, Petr (ed.). Slovník české hudební kultury. Prague: Editio Supraphon, 1997.
* Martínková, Alena (ed.). Čeští skladatelé současnosti. Prague: Panton, 1985.
* Petrželka, Ivan. "Kantátová novinka." Svobodné slovo: list Československé strany socialistické. Brno-město, 21. 2. 1975.
* Štědroň, Miloš. "Jaká je hudba Františka Emmerta?" Opus musicum, vol. 22, no. 6, 1990, pp. 183–185.
* Štědroň, Miloš. "Koncerty SČSKU v Brně." Hudební rozhledy, vol. 41, no. 3, 1988, pp. 112–113.
* Trojan, Jan. "O zaklínání času a náhody. (Koncert z nové tvorby brněnských skladatelů)." Práce: list Revolučního odborového hnutí. Moravian edition, 2. 12. 1969.
* Veverica, Julian. Filozofický pohľad na dielo Františka Emmerta z pozice interpreta. Diploma Thesis, Janáček Academy of Music and Performing Arts, Brno, 2012.
* Vysloužil, Jiří. Dvě stě let české hudby na Moravě. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackéhov Olomouci, 2014.
* Vysloužil, Jiří. Hudební slovník pro každého: Díl 2, Skladatelé a hudební spisovatelé.
* Vizovice: Lípa, 1999.

== External links ==
* [https://www.musicbase.cz/composers/175-emmert-frantisek-gregor/ František Gregor Emmert at Musicbase.cz]
* [http://www.ceskyhudebnislovnik.cz/slovnik/index.php?option=com_mdictionary&task=record.record_detail&id=1256 František Gregor Emmert in Český hudební slovník osob a institucí]
* [http://frantisek.emmert.sweb.cz/FRANTI%C5%A0EK%20GREGOR%20EMMERT.htm Personal Website]

<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af2gydurx8U</youtube>

''Text adapted from Wikipedia''
[[Category: Czech Profiles]] [[Category: Czechoslovakian Profiles]]