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[[File:Егор Летов и один из его домашних питомцев.jpg|thumb|Yegor Letov. Photo sourced from Wikipedia]]
Igor Fedorovich "Yegor" Letov (Russian: И́горь Фёдорович (Его́р) Ле́тов [ˈiɡərʲ ˈfʲɵdərəvʲɪtɕ jɪˈɡor ˈlʲɛtəf]; 10 September 1964 – 19 February 2008) was a [[:Category:Russia|Russian]] poet, musician, singer-songwriter, audio engineer and conceptual art painter, best known as the founder and leader of the post-punk/psychedelic rock band [[Grazhdanskaya Oborona]] (Russian: Гражданская Оборона, lit. 'Civil Defense'). He was also the founder of the conceptual art avant-garde project [[Kommunizm]] and psychedelic rock outfit [[Egor i Opizdenevshie]]. Letov collaborated with singer-songwriter [[Yanka Dyagileva]] and other Siberian underground artists as a record engineer and producer.

== Biography ==
Letov was born in Omsk, Siberia to Fyodor Letov, a military man and World War II veteran from Northern Ural (Perm Krai), and Tamara Letova, a doctor of Russian Cossack origin from Kazakhstan. The Letov family had Russian, Mordvin, Komi and Turkic ancestors.<sup>[1]</sup> The family moved to Omsk from Semipalatinsk a few years before Yegor's birth. From a young age, Yegor and his older brother Sergey had health issues, and Yegor experienced clinical deaths in his childhood.

After graduating from school, Yegor went to live with his brother, who was a relatively successful jazz saxophonist in Moscow at the time. In Moscow, Letov learned to play some drums and bass guitar, developed contacts with Moscow underground avant-garde artists, and enrolled in a professional technical school as a builder, working as a plasterer.<sup>[2]</sup>

Letov's first performance (playing the bass) took place at the end of 1983 at the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute hostel, as part of [[Sergey Kuryokhin]]'s improvisation ensemble.

Two years later, in 1984, Letov left the technical school and returned to Omsk. At this time, he had already started writing poetry and short stories and decided to try music. Letov mostly listened to Rock in Opposition and free jazz in the early '80s, and his first recordings were amateurish garage rock using suitcases instead of drums. Later, Letov characterized these recordings as "talentless curiosity", "baby talk", and "shame and reproach". Soon he found fellow musicians and companions in Omsk, who listened to the same type of music, which was unpopular and little known in the USSR, especially in Siberia, and they started the garage rock band Posev (Russian: Посев, lit. 'sowing, crop, seeds'). The most important of these companions was [[Konstantin Ryabinov]] (better known as Kuzya UO or Kuzma), a musician and poet, who was Letov's comrade-in-arms in [[Grazhdanskaya Oborona]] up to the late 90s, and a close friend. Posev became Grazhdanskaya Oborona in November 1984.

In 1985, the dissident philosophy expressed in Letov's lyrics, as well as his popularity throughout the USSR, resulted in a KGB-initiated internment for three months in a mental hospital, where Letov was forced to take anti-psychotic drugs. On his release, he defiantly wrote a song about Lenin "rotting in his mausoleum".<sup>[3]</sup>

[[File:Егор Летов 01.jpg|thumb|Yegor Letov, Moscow, 1989. Photo by Wikipedia user ShishelMishel]]
Letov was a polarizing figure in the Soviet Union. He was controversial in the mid-to-late 1980s when he satirized the Soviet system and developed a gritty Siberian punk sound. After the fall of the Soviet Union, during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, Letov developed a fan base among nationalists and communists due to his strong opposition of Yeltsin's government. Letov was one of the founders and the first member of the National Bolshevik Party.<sup>[4]</sup> He ceased contact with the party around 1999 and distanced himself from politics. In his 2007 interview with Rolling Stone Russia, Letov stated: "In fact, I have always been an anarchist—and I still am. But now I'm more into ecological aspects of contemporary anarchism, eco-anarchism, that's what I've been moving toward recently".<sup>[5]</sup> In 1997, Letov married Natalia Chumakova, the bass guitarist of Grazhdanskaya Oborona.

Letov died of heart failure in his sleep on 19 February 2008 at his home in Omsk.<sup>[6][7]</sup> He was 43 years old.

== Influences ==
In an interview, Letov expressed that his favorite poets were Alexander Vvedensky (1904–1941), one of the OBERIU writers, and the Russian Futurist poets, such as Vladimir Mayakovsky and Aleksei Kruchenykh. At the beginning of his interest in poetry he was influenced by the Austrian poet Erich Fried. He also expressed his interest in Conceptualism, and spoke of his own work in punk music and in creating a public image as a work of conceptual performance art. Letov's favorite writers, who considerably affected his world view and writing style, were Andrei Platonov, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Henry Miller, Bruno Schulz, Flann O'Brien, Leonid Andreev, Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Kōbō Abe, and Kenzaburō Ōe.<sup>[8]</sup> His worldview was also inspired by Existentialist philosophy, traditions of Russian Cosmism, and Latin American magic realism (Julio Cortázar, Jorge Luis Borges, Gabriel García Márquez).

In music, Letov was a big 60s psychedelic and garage rock fan, especially citing Arthur Lee's ''Love'' as his favorite band, as well as Texas noise rock band Butthole Surfers, Genesis P-Orridge's Psychic TV, and The Residents. Other notable influences include Sonic Youth, Ramones, The Stooges, The Velvet Underground, The Fall, Dead Kennedys, The Birthday Party, Swans, Joy Division, Throbbing Gristle, and Einstürzende Neubauten. He also cited industrial, ska and reggae, avant-garde composers such as John Cage, medieval and baroque classical music, Soviet [[VIA]] bands and various folk music as influences on Grazhdanskaya Oborona, Egor i Opizdenevshie and Kommunizm, stating, that everything he listens to is to some extent reflected in his music:

''Well, I can personally say that about 80% of what I’ve composed was incited by what I’d listened to. But there doesn't have to be a direct connection. I can listen to Dylan and then, influenced by his music, write a hardcore song. So, definitely, if I didn't listen to anything, I wouldn't write anything.''

<youtube> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RW3ItR4LPMY </youtube>
== Personal life ==
Letov's older brother is the famous free jazz saxophonist [[Sergey Letov]].

In the late 1980s, Letov was close with [[Yanka Dyagileva]], though it's not clear whether they were partners or not. He was married to Anna Volkova in the 1990s and to Natalia Chumakova from 1998 until his death. Letov had no children, as he and Chumakova both had childfree views.

Letov was an open LSD, marijuana, and psilocybin mushroom user. He also was a heavy alcohol drinker, which may have led to his premature death.

== Legacy ==
[[File:Egor Letov grave.png|thumb|Yegor Letov's grave in 2010. Photo by Wikipedia user Hairovich]]
Letov was always seen as a controversial figure. While some considered him as a genius, others completely rejected him. Famous musical critic [[Artemy Troitsky]] spoke of Letov as a poseur, misanthrope and very pretentious person, whose musical abilities were "very mediocre" (this, though, might be a reaction to Letov's attack on Troitsky in 1990 at the [[Alexander Bashlachev]] memorial concert, where he publicly accused Troitsky in "conversion of whole Soviet rock into shit").<sup>[9][10]</sup> Poet Elena Fanailova stated that Letov was "really fucked up and really free artist, whose main and only mission was to experience limits of his own freedom" and "certainly large, significant author, who created his own world – which, though, works only in the context of the post-Soviet civilization".<sup>[11]</sup> Most contemporary critics consider Letov an important artist in post-Soviet culture and one of the best Russian poets of the late 20th century, although disputes about this status are still common; while the importance of his legacy is not denied, controversy remains regarding his radical political statements. As for Letov himself, he repeatedly stated that his personal views and opinions, or even his person, should be of no interest to anyone, and that his art is the only thing that matters:<sup>[12]</sup>

''There is a certain stream of existence running through me, but what I am is something no one knows. No one should be interested in that, it's an idle curiosity. I, for example, don't care who Dostoyevsky was or what he thought—I'm interested in his books, but I would never give him a ring or pay him a visit.'' — Yegor Letov, 2002

== Discography ==
=== Grazhdanskaya Oborona ===
'''Studio albums'''
* Poganaya molodyozh' (1985)
* Optimizm (1985)
* Myshelovka (1987)
* Khorosho!! (1987)
* Totalitarizm (1987)
* Nekrofiliya (1987)
* Krasnyy albom (1987)
* Vse idet po planu (1988)
* Tak zakalyalas stal (1988)
* Boevoi stimul (1988)
* Toshnota (1989)
* Pesni radosti i schastya (1989)
* Zdorovo i vechno (1989)
* Armageddon-pops (1989)
* Voina (1989)
* Russkoe pole eksperimentov (1989)
* Instruktsiya po vyzhivaniyu (1990)
* Solntsevorot (1995)
* Nevynosimaya legkost bytiya (1996)
* Zvezdopad (2001)
* Dolgaya schastlivaya zhizn (2004)
* Reanimatsiya (2005)
* Zachem snyatsya sny? (2007)

'''Live albums'''
* Russky proryv v Leningrade (1994)
* Kontsert v MEI 17.02.90 (1996)
* Posledny kontsert v Talline (1996)
* Kontsert (1997)
* Svet i stulya (2001)
* XX let (2006)
* Vystuplenie v klube Rok-Siti (2007)
* Apelsin: Elektrichestvo (2010)

'''Compilations'''
* Istoriya: Posev 1982-1985 (1989)
* Khuy cherez plecho (1990)
* Pops (album) (1992)
* Legendy russkogo roka (2001)
* Poezd ushel (2002)

'''Singles'''
* "Elektrichesky Pyos" (2012)

=== Egor i Opizdenevshie ===
* Pryg-skok (1990)
* Sto let odinochestva (1992)
* Psychodelia Tomorrow (2000)

=== Kommunizm ===
* Na sovetskoi skorosti (1988)
* Suleiman Stalsky (1988)
* Veselyashchy gaz (1989)
* Rodina slyshit (1989)
* Soldatsky son (1989)
* Chudo-muzyka (1989)
* Narodovedenie (1989)
* Satanizm (1989)
* Zhizn, chto skazka (1989)
* Let It Bi (1989)
* Igra v samoletiki pod krovatyu (1989)
* Leniniana (1989)
* 13 (1990)
* Khronika pikiruyushchego bombardirovshchika (1990)
* Blagodat: The Best of Kommunizm (1990)

===Solo work===
'''Studio albums'''
* Russkoe pole eksperimenta (akustika) (1988)
* Vershki i koreshki (1989)
* Vse kak u lyudei (1989)
* Muzyka vesny (1994)

'''Live albums'''
* Kontsert v Gorode-Geroe Leningrade (1994)
* Kontsert v O.G.I. (2002) (with Sergei Letov)
* Poligon (2003)
* Apelsin: Akustika (2012)

'''Compilations'''
* Izbrannoe (2006)

== Bibliography ==
* Yegor Letov, Yanka Dyagileva, Konstantin Ryabinov. Russian field of experiments, 1994. ISBN 5-87787-004-1
* Yegor Letov. I don't believe in Anarchy, 1997. ISBN 5-87109-058-3.
* Yegor Letov. Poems, 2003. ISBN 5-85929-122-1.
* Yegor Letov. Autographs. Drafts and drawings, vol. 1, 2009. ISBN 978-5-903718-03-0
* Yegor Letov. Autographs. Drafts and drawings, vol. 2, 2011. ISBN 978-5-9902779-1-5.
* Yegor Letov. Poems (second edition), 2011. ISBN 978-5-9056230-1-1.

== Film ==
* I Don't Believe in Anarchy, Documentary, RUS/CH 2015, Dir.: Anna Tsyrlina, Natalya Chumakova
* Project Egor Letov Documentary, Medusa 2019

== References ==
# [https://web.archive.org/web/20110408042053/http://albedo072.livejournal.com/85621.html "Comments:"]. 8 September 2009. Archived from [http://albedo072.livejournal.com/85621.html the original] on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
#  [https://web.archive.org/web/20150626131432/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/yegor-letov-father-of-russian-punk-787304.html "Yegor Letov: 'Father of Russian punk'"]. The Guardian. 2008. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015.Archived
#  [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/yegor-letov-father-of-russian-punk-787304.html "Yegor Letov: 'Father of Russian punk'"]. The Independent. 26 February 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
#  [http://nazbol.cc/2007/01/punk-and-national-bolshevism/ Punk and national-bolshevism] Archived 23 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
#  [Сорокин, Кирилл Егор Летов. Средства «Обороны». Rolling Stone Russia, July 2007]
#  [http://www.russia-ic.com/news/show/5805 Cult Rock Musician Egor Letov] Died, 19 February 2008
#  [https://web.archive.org/web/20101215024309/http://exile.ru/blog/detail.php?BLOG_ID=17090 "Punk Legend Yegor Letov dies of heart failure"]. Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 15 October 2012. 21 February 2008 The eXile
#  [http://www.gr-oborona.ru/pub/offline/1101316976.html "Егор Летов. Ответы на вопросы посетителей официального сайта Гражданской Обороны, 24.11.04 / Off-line интервью с Егором Летовым и группой "Гражданская Оборона"] – Гражданская Оборона – официальный сайт группы". Retrieved 2 December 2016.
#  ru_grob, Весна Психоделияwrote in; 23:09:00, 2008-10-15 23:09:00 Весна Психоделия 3xcx3 ru_grob 15 October 2008. [http://ru-grob.livejournal.com/472913.html "Артемий Троицкий о Егоре Летове"]. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
#  satanas1111 (26 February 2008). "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cONfUtTyR1Y Егор Летов на мемориале Башлачева 1990"]. Retrieved 2 December 2016 – via YouTube.
#  [http://grob-hroniki.org/article/2011/art_2011-10-xxd.html "ГрОб-Хроники – Журнал "Сеанс" № 45/46 — Рок-н-ролл мертв, или Раздражение"]. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
#  [http://www.gr-oborona.ru/pub/pub/1056115073.html ""Ловушка для Дурака" — Диалог с Егором Летовым / – Гражданская Оборона – официальный сайт группы"]. Retrieved 2 December 2016.

== External links ==
* [http://www.gr-oborona.ru/ Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060110143308/http://www.gr-oborona.info/ Unofficial website]
* [http://www.last.fm/music/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0 Yegor Letov on Last.fm]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090802094840/http://www.ulike.net/Egor_Letov Yegor Letov on ulike.net]
* [http://grobfilm.com/ Film-Website for I Don't Believe in Anarchy]
* [https://lyricstranslate.com/en/grazhdanskaya-oborona-lyrics.html-0 Grazhdanskaya Oborona lyrics]
* [https://www.rbth.com/arts/2013/08/18/russian_punks_the_ideology_music_and_lifestyle_28995.html Russian punks: The ideology, music and lifestyle]

''Text adapted from Wikipedia.''
[[Category: Russian Profiles]] [[Category: Soviet Profiles]]