Viktor Tsoi - Revision history

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Diogooutra: Created page with "this page is under construction Viktor Tsoi in Moscow, 1986. Photo by Igor Vladimirovich Mukhin Viktor Robertovich Tsoi (Russian: Ви́к..."

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Created page with "this page is under construction thumb|Viktor Tsoi in Moscow, 1986. Photo by Igor Vladimirovich Mukhin Viktor Robertovich Tsoi (Russian: Ви́к..."

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[[File:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg|thumb|Viktor Tsoi in Moscow, 1986. Photo by Igor Vladimirovich Mukhin]]
Viktor Robertovich Tsoi (Russian: Ви́ктор Ро́бертович Цой; 21 June 1962 – 15 August 1990) was a [[:Category: Soviet Union|Soviet]] singer and songwriter who co-founded [[Kino]], one of the most popular and musically influential bands in the history of Russian music.

Born and raised in Leningrad, Tsoi started writing songs as a teenager. Throughout his career, Tsoi contributed a plethora of musical and artistic works, including ten albums. After Kino appeared and performed in the 1987 Soviet film ''Assa'', the band's popularity grew, triggering a period referred to as "Kinomania", and leading to Tsoi's leading role in the 1988 Kazakh new wave art film ''The Needle''. In 1990, after their high-profile concert at the Luzhniki Stadium, Tsoi briefly relocated to [[:Category: Latvia|Latvia]] with bandmate [[Yuri Kasparyan]] to work on the band's next album. Two months after the concert, Tsoi died in a car collision.[1][2]

He is regarded as one of the pioneers of Russian rock and is credited with popularizing the genre throughout the [[:Category:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]]. He retains a devoted following in many ex-Soviet countries, such as [[:Category: Russia|Russia]], [[:Category: Ukraine|Ukraine]], [[:Category: Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]] and [[:Category: Lithuania|Lithuania]], where he is known as one of the most influential and popular people in the history of Russian music.

== Biography ==
[[File:Viktor Tsoi's Family.jpg|thumb|Viktor Tsoi with his wife and son. Photo by Joanna Stingray]]
Viktor Robertovich Tsoi was born in Leningrad on 21 June 1962. He was the only child of Valentina Vasilyevna Tsoi (born Guseva) (1939–2009), a Russian schoolteacher, and Robert Maximovich Tsoi (1937–), a Soviet-Korean engineer.[3] Tsoi's Korean ancestry can be traced back to Songjin, Hamgyong, Korea (today's Kimchaek, North Korea), where his great-grandfather Choi Yong-nam was born.[4]

Tsoi grew up in the vicinity of the Moskovsky Victory Park. He was born in a maternity hospital on Kuznetsovskaya Street (located inside the park). The family lived in the notable "general's house" at the corner of Moskovsky Avenue and Basseynaya Street (the building is now an architectural monument).[5] For some time Tsoi studied at a nearby school in Frunze Street, where his mother worked.[6]

From 1974 until 1977, Tsoi attended a secondary art school, where he was a member of the band Palata № 6 (Russian: Палата № 6, Chamber № 6).[7] From 1977, he attended the Serov Art School, until he was expelled in 1979 for poor performance.[8] Afterwards, he attended SGPTU-61, where he was studying to become a wood carver.[9] In his youth, he was a fan of Mikhail Boyarsky and Vladimir Vysotsky, and later Bruce Lee, after whom he started modelling his image.[10][11] He was fond of martial arts and often sparred "in Chinese" with bandmate [[Yuri Kasparyan]].

Viktor lived with his wife, Marianna Tsoi, and his son Alexander (born 1985). Tsoi lived a poor life, with Marianna saying that they couldn't even afford a proper wedding dress. He worked and lived in the boiler room of the apartment building. The boiler room was nicknamed "Kamchatka", and is now the site of a museum and rock club dedicated to Tsoi.[12] He previously also worked in Kiev, Ukraine, however after the authorities found out he was working illegally, he was sent to Moscow.

During the filming of ''Assa'', Tsoi met Natalia Razlogova, the director's assistant. Tsoi later fell in love with Razlogova and separated from Marianna. However, they did not divorce, for the sake of their son.[13]

== 15 August 1990: Death ==
[[File:Mourning ceremony Victor Choi.jpg|thumb|Tsoi's fans mourning in Leningrad. Photo by Wikipedia user Henkipenky]]
On 15 August 1990 in Latvia, Tsoi was driving on the Sloka – Talsi highway, near Tukums and Riga. At 12:28 p.m., Tsoi died in a car collision. The investigation concluded that Tsoi had fallen asleep while driving, possibly due to fatigue;[14][15] he had not consumed alcohol for at least 48 hours before his death.[16] At the time he fell asleep Tsoi was driving at a speed of at least 130 km/h, causing his dark blue Moskvitch-2141[17] to turn into the oncoming lane and collide with an Ikarus 250 bus.[18] Tsoi was pronounced dead at the scene. The bus driver was not injured. Tsoi's car was completely destroyed to the point that one of its tires was never found.

The death of Viktor Tsoi was a shock to many fans, some even having committed suicide.[19] On August 17, Komsomolskaya Pravda, one of the main Soviet newspapers, had the following to say about Tsoi and his meaning to the youth of the nation:

''"Tsoi means more to the young people of our nation than any politician, celebrity or writer. This is because Tsoi never lied and never sold out. He was and remains himself. It's impossible not to believe him... Tsoi is the only rocker who has no difference between his image and his real life, he lived the way he sang... Tsoi is the last hero of rock."''

On August 19, he was buried in a closed casket at the Bogoslovskoe Cemetery in Leningrad. Thousands of people came to the funeral.

Kasparyan left for Leningrad prior to the collision, with a tape containing the only recording of Tsoi's vocals for the band's next album. The remaining members of Kino finished and released the Black Album in December. It later became the band's most popular creation.

== Career ==
Tsoi began writing songs at the age of 17. In the 1970s and the 1980s, rock music was an underground movement limited mostly to Leningrad; Moscow pop stars, endorsed by the Soviet state, ruled the charts and received the most exposure from the media. However, rock music was not popular with the government, and rock bands received little to no funding and were given little exposure by the media. The [[Leningrad Rock Club]] was one of the few public places where rock bands were allowed to perform.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Tsoi was a close friend of [[Alexei Rybin]]. Rybin, a member of the hard rock band [[Piligrimy]] (Russian: Пилигримы, Pilgrims), and Tsoi, who played bass guitar in the group Palata № 6 (Russian: Палата № 6, Chamber № 6), met at the house of Andrei "Svin" Panov, in whose apartment people and musicians often gathered, and also where his own punk band [[Avtomaticheskie udovletvoriteli]] rehearsed. By this time, Tsoi had begun to perform the songs he wrote at parties.

Tsoi and Rybin, as members of Avtomaticheskie udovletvoriteli, went to Moscow and performed punk-rock metal at [[Artemy Troitsky]]'s underground concerts. During a similar performance in Leningrad on the occasion of [[Andrei Tropillo]]'s anniversary, Tsoi and Rybin's first met [[Boris Grebenshchikov]]. Later, after a solo concert by Grebenshchikov, they met up and Tsoi played two of his songs to him.[25] Grebenshchikov, who had already been a relatively established musician in the Leningrad underground scene, was very impressed by Tsoi's talent and helped him start up his own band.

== Beginnings of Kino ==
At the Leningrad Rock Club, Tsoi played as a solo artist supported by members of the band [[Aquarium]]. Tsoi's lyrics and music impressed the crowd. In the summer of 1981, Tsoi, Rybin, and [[Oleg Valinsky]] formed the band ''Garin i giperboloydy'' (Russian: Гарин и Гиперболоиды, ''Garin and the hyperboloids''). The name was a homage to the classic Russian novel ''The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin'' by Aleksey Tolstoy. In autumn of the same year, the band was admitted to membership of the Leningrad Rock Club. Not long after, Valinsky was conscripted into the army, leaving only Tsoi and Rybin, who renamed the band Kino. Kino began recording its debut album in the spring of 1982.

== First albums ==
Kino began recording its debut album, ''45'', in the spring of 1982 at Andrei Tropillo's studio. Members of Aquarium also took part in the recording, with Boris Grebenshchikov directing the album. By the summer, the album was completely finished. Its duration was 45 minutes, after which the album was named 45. The album got some distribution and Kino performed in many apartment concerts in Moscow and Leningrad.

On 19 February 1983, a joint concert with Kino and Aquarium took place. After the concert, Yuri Kasparyan was invited to join the band as a guitarist. In the spring, Rybin left Kino due to disagreements with Tsoi. Tsoi and Kasparyan spent the summer on joint rehearsals. As a result, Kino recorded the album 46, which was initially thought of as a demo for ''Nachalnik Kamchatki'' (Russian: Начальник Камчатки, Chief of Kamchatka). 46 was widely distributed and was considered to be a full-fledged album. In the fall of 1983, Tsoi went to a psychiatric hospital in Pryazhka, where he spent a month and a half. As a result, Tsoi was not conscripted into the army.[26] After being discharged from the psychiatric hospital, he wrote the song "Trankvilizator" (Russian: Транквилизатор, Tranquilizer).[27]

== Rise to fame ==
1987 was a breakthrough year for Kino. The release of their 6th album ''Blood Type'' (Gruppa Krovi) triggered what was then called "Kinomania". The open political climate under glasnost allowed Tsoi to make ''Blood Type'', his most political album, yet it also allowed him to record a sound of music that no one before him had been able to play. Most of the tracks on the album were directed at the youth of the Soviet Union, telling them to take control and make changes within the nation; some of the songs addressed the social problems crippling the nation. The sound and lyrics of the album made Tsoi a hero among Soviet youth and Kino the most popular rock band ever. In the diverse Soviet republics, fans translated his originally Russian lyrics into their native languages as well.

Over the next few years, Tsoi appeared in several successful movies and also travelled to the United States to promote his films at film festivals. Several more albums were released, their themes were once again mostly political, further fueling the band's popularity. Even though Tsoi was a huge star, he still lived a relatively ordinary life. He kept his old job in the boiler room of an apartment building, called Kamchatka, which is currently a museum/club dedicated to the singer. The fact that he worked at a boiler plant surprised many people. Tsoi said that he enjoyed the work and he also needed the money to support the band, as they still received no government support and their albums were copied and passed around the nation via samizdat free of charge. This made Tsoi even more popular among the people because it showed that he was down to earth and they could relate to him. He also went on tour in 1988–1989 to Italy, France, and Denmark. Kino's finest hour came in 1990 with a concert at Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium. 62,000 fans filled the stands to celebrate the triumph of the USSR's most successful rock group. It also was one of the four times the Luzhniki Olympic Fire was ever lit.

== Film appearances ==
In 1987, the band Kino, along with other Russian rock bands, appeared as themselves in ''Assa'' (Асса), a film by Sergei Solovyov. However, the film as a whole has nothing to do with rock music, and Kino simply appears as a cameo in the end.

In 1988, Viktor Tsoi starred as the protagonist in ''The Needle'' (Russian: Игла, Igla), directed by Rashid Nugmanov and written by Aleksandr Baranov and Bakhyt Kilibayev. The plot is centred around the character Moro, who returns to Almaty, Kazakhstan, to collect money owed to him. While waiting out an unexpected delay, he visits his former girlfriend Dina and discovers she has become a morphine addict. He decides to help her kick the habit and fight the local drug mafia responsible for her condition. But Moro finds a deadly opponent in "the doctor," the mafia kingpin who is exploiting Dina.[28] Viktor was nominated for an award for his role in the film.[26]

The film's soundtrack, including original music by Tsoi's band Kino, contributes to the overall feeling of the movie, in addition to the film's use of post-modern twists and surreal scenes.

The movie was officially released in February 1989 in the Soviet Union.

== Cultural impact ==
[[File:Russia stamp V.Tsoi 1999 2r.jpg|thumb|Russian stamp devoted to Viktor Tsoi, 1999. From Andrei Sdobnikov's personal collection]]

Portraits of Viktor Tsoi are displayed today in many places around Russia, from graffiti on the fences of St. Petersburg to an entire wall dedicated to Viktor Tsoi in a bylane of the famous Arbat street in Moscow, where fans still gather to remember their hero. Other Tsoi Walls can also be found in Minsk, Belarus and in some regions of Kazakhstan. In 2000 some of the nation's top rock bands came together and released their interpretations of Kino's best songs as a tribute to Viktor Tsoi on what would have been his 38th birthday.

South Korean rock band YB covered the song "Gruppa krovi".

On June 21, 2012, Google commemorated Tsoi's 50th birthday with a Google Doodle reminiscent of the Tsoi Wall.[29][30]

Viktor Ahn, a South Korean-born Russian short track speed skater chose his Russian name "Viktor" in honour of Tsoi.[31]

[[File:1024px-Tsoi Wall 02.jpg|thumb|The Tsoi Wall in the Arbat District of Moscow. Photo by Wikipedia user Superchilum]]
In 2012, on what would have been Tsoi’s 50th birthday, the remaining members of Kino gathered to record the song "Ataman" ("Атаман"), with his vocals that were recovered from his car crash but never used because of its poor quality. The drummer Georgiy Guryanov died shortly after, making "Ataman" the last song recorded by Kino and its members.

In the 2018 film Summer, Tsoi was played by Teo Yoo.[32]

In the 2019 videogame, Metro Exodus, multiple of Kino's songs such as “We Want Changes”, “Watch Yourself”, “A Song Without Words” and “Shut The Door Behind Me", able to be heard on the radio during segments featured on a train as it travels across Russia with her crew in search of a hospitable place to live after a nuclear war. “Shut The Door Behind Me” can also be heard in the beginning of the level 'Taiga' as you and a crew member scout out a beautiful valley.

Joanna Stingray commemorated him in her song, "Tsoi Song"[33]

See also
flag Russia portal
Biography portal
Rock music portal
Koryo-saram, regarding the history and culture of Koreans in Post-Soviet states
Cui Jian, Chinese rock singer of Korean descent
References
"Cabaret Band Silver Wedding /Bellorussia/". Cabaret Band Silver Wedding /Bellorussia/ - Riga This Week. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
"Retour en URSS : gloire du Soviet Rock et de Viktor Tsoï". Dispatchbox.net. 14 July 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
OKS LU (1 December 2012). "Родители Виктора Цоя в пер. ЛЮБОВЬ СКВОЗЬ ГОДЫ 2008 г". YouTube. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Relatives of Viktor Tsoi lived in Vladivostok in the area of the first Rivers (translation).Alexander Zhitinsky, Цой forever, 2012 – p. 41
"Дом со шпилем или "Генеральский дом"". Petersburglike.ru. 23 August 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
"Здесь жил Цой". Rosbalt.ru. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Житинский 2012.
"Prominent Russians: Viktor Tsoy." RT. Retrieved on 8 November 2011.
Alexander Zhitinsky, Цой forever, 2012 – p. 64
"Виктор Цой (Victor Tsoy). Биография. Фотографии". Lichnosti.net. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
«Петербургский курьер». Он не был ангелом, как не был и демоном Archived 2009-01-18 at the Wayback Machine
Fedorova, Anastasiia. "Remembering Viktor Tsoi: why the rebellious rock poet is still a hero for our time". Calvertjournal.com. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
"Биография Виктора Цоя". РИА Новости. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
Схема аварии на сайте РИА Новости // ФГУП РАМИ «РИА Новости» 2007, 15.08.2007; : «В 12 час. 28 мин на 35 км трассы из-за поворота со скоростью 60–70 километров в час выехал автобус Икарус, который Цой не заметил.»
Гибель Цоя: как произошла авария на трассе Слока-Талси. ИНФОграфика – РИА Новости [Tsoi's Death: How Did the Accident on Sloka-Talsi Road Happen]. Rian.ru (in Russian). 2007-08-15. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
Н. Солдатенков, КИНО без Цоя? // Сайт kinoman.net, Библиотека
Комментарий отца Виктора — Роберта Максимовича, в передаче «Битва экстрасенсов».
Андрей Беляев, «В этот момент из-за поворота выскочил „Икарус-250“» // латвийская газета «Советская молодежь», 23 августа 1995 года
"Гибель Цоя: как произошла авария на трассе Слока-Талси. ИНФОграфика". Ria.ru. 15 August 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
"Фамилия Цой". Vitya-tsoy.narod.ru. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
"Умерла Марьяна Цой". Kp.ru. 28 June 2005. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
"She died a widow of Viktor Tsoi. What will happen to the monument of rock legends?". BestTopNews.Com. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
"Александр Цой (I) (Александр Цой) - Биография и интересные факты - КиноКопилка". Kinokopilka.pro. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Москва 24 ― Сын Виктора Цоя дал первое телевизионное интервью
Viktor Tsoi's biography at the website lichnosti.net
"Виктор Цой в 25 фактах о нем – Rock Cult". Rock Cult (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-03-09.
Марианна Цой. (1991). "Точка отсчета". Виктор Цой. Стихи. Документы. Воспоминания. Звезды рок-н-ролла. Л.: Новый Геликон. Сост. Марианна Цой, Александр Житинский. ISBN 5-85-395-018-5.
Written by Forrest Ciesol for IMDB
"Soviet Rock Idol Tsoi Celebrated in Google Doodle". En.rian.ru. 2012-06-21. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
"Viktor Tsoi's 50th Birthday". Google.com. 2012-06-21. Retrieved 2015-03-26.
Mark Zeigler (10 February 2014). "Viktor Ahn: For Russia, with love". Utsandiego.com.
Barber, Nicholas. "Leto premieres despite its director's house arrest". Bbc.com. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Joanna Stingray - Tsoi Song, retrieved 2019-11-02
Further reading
(in Russian) "Виктор Цой, Звезда по Имени Солнце: Стихи, Песни, Воспоминания", Eksmo, 2001.
Tsoi, Marianna; Aleksandr Zhitinsky (1991). Viktor Tsoi: stikhi, dokumenty, vospominaniya (in Russian). St. Peterburg: Novy Gelikon. ISBN 5-85395-018-5.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Viktor Tsoi.
Viktor Tsoi on IMDb
Viktor Tsoi's 50th Birthday Google Doodle

@@ Line 121: / Line 121: @@
 ==External links==
-[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0875129/ Viktor Tsoi] on IMDb
+* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0875129/ Viktor Tsoi] on IMDb
-[https://www.google.com/doodles/viktor-tsois-50th-birthday Viktor Tsoi's 50th Birthday] Google Doodle
+* [https://www.google.com/doodles/viktor-tsois-50th-birthday Viktor Tsoi's 50th Birthday] Google Doodle
 ''Text adapted from Wikipedia.''
 [[Category: Russian Profiles]] [[Category: Soviet Profiles]]

@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 #  [http://pages.sbcglobal.net/slon/page/paper/tsoy.html «Петербургский курьер». Он не был ангелом, как не был и демоном] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090118142837/http://pages.sbcglobal.net/slon/page/paper/tsoy.html Archived] 2009-01-18 at the Wayback Machine
 #  Fedorova, Anastasiia. [https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/8741/viktor-tsoi-rockstar-soviet-music "Remembering Viktor Tsoi: why the rebellious rock poet is still a hero for our time"]. Calvertjournal.com. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- #  [http://ria.ru/spravka/20150815/1181465291.html "Биография Виктора Цоя"]. РИА Новости. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
+#  [http://ria.ru/spravka/20150815/1181465291.html "Биография Виктора Цоя"]. РИА Новости. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
- #  [http://ria.ru/spravka/20150815/1181465291.html Схема аварии на сайт]е РИА Новости // ФГУП РАМИ «РИА Новости» 2007, 15.08.2007; : «В 12 час. 28 мин на 35 км трассы из-за поворота со скоростью 60–70 километров в час выехал автобус Икарус, который Цой не заметил.»
+#  [http://ria.ru/spravka/20150815/1181465291.html Схема аварии на сайт]е РИА Новости // ФГУП РАМИ «РИА Новости» 2007, 15.08.2007; : «В 12 час. 28 мин на 35 км трассы из-за поворота со скоростью 60–70 километров в час выехал автобус Икарус, который Цой не заметил.»
- #  [http://ria.ru/infografika/20070815/71713181.html Гибель Цоя: как произошла авария на трассе Слока-Талси. ИНФОграфика] – РИА Новости [Tsoi's Death: How Did the Accident on Sloka-Talsi Road Happen]. Rian.ru (in Russian). 2007-08-15. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
+#  [http://ria.ru/infografika/20070815/71713181.html Гибель Цоя: как произошла авария на трассе Слока-Талси. ИНФОграфика] – РИА Новости [Tsoi's Death: How Did the Accident on Sloka-Talsi Road Happen]. Rian.ru (in Russian). 2007-08-15. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
- #  Н. Солдатенков, [http://www.kinoman.net/library/view.php?id=37 КИНО без Цоя?] // Сайт kinoman.net, Библиотека
+#  Н. Солдатенков, [http://www.kinoman.net/library/view.php?id=37 КИНО без Цоя?] // Сайт kinoman.net, Библиотека
- #  Комментарий отца Виктора — Роберта Максимовича, в передаче «Битва экстрасенсов».
+#  Комментарий отца Виктора — Роберта Максимовича, в передаче «Битва экстрасенсов».
- #  Андрей Беляев, «В этот момент из-за поворота выскочил „Икарус-250“» // латвийская газета «Советская молодежь», 23 августа 1995 года
+#  Андрей Беляев, «В этот момент из-за поворота выскочил „Икарус-250“» // латвийская газета «Советская молодежь», 23 августа 1995 года
- #  [https://ria.ru/20070815/71713181.html "Гибель Цоя: как произошла авария на трассе Слока-Талси. ИНФОграфика"]. Ria.ru. 15 August 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+#  [https://ria.ru/20070815/71713181.html "Гибель Цоя: как произошла авария на трассе Слока-Талси. ИНФОграфика"]. Ria.ru. 15 August 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- #  [http://vitya-tsoy.narod.ru/family.html "Фамилия Цой"]. Vitya-tsoy.narod.ru. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+#  [http://vitya-tsoy.narod.ru/family.html "Фамилия Цой"]. Vitya-tsoy.narod.ru. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- #  [https://www.kp.ru/daily/23535/41437/ "Умерла Марьяна Цой"]. Kp.ru. 28 June 2005. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+#  [https://www.kp.ru/daily/23535/41437/ "Умерла Марьяна Цой"]. Kp.ru. 28 June 2005. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- #  [http://www.besttopnews.com/social/28-06-2005/2911-coy-0/ "She died a widow of Viktor Tsoi. What will happen to the monument of rock legends?"]. BestTopNews.Com. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
+#  [http://www.besttopnews.com/social/28-06-2005/2911-coy-0/ "She died a widow of Viktor Tsoi. What will happen to the monument of rock legends?"]. BestTopNews.Com. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
- #  "Александр Цой (I) (Александр Цой) - Биография и интересные факты - КиноКопилка". Kinokopilka.pro. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+#  "Александр Цой (I) (Александр Цой) - Биография и интересные факты - КиноКопилка". Kinokopilka.pro. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- #  [http://www.m24.ru/videos/477 Москва 24 ― Сын Виктора Цоя дал первое телевизионное интервью]
+#  [http://www.m24.ru/videos/477 Москва 24 ― Сын Виктора Цоя дал первое телевизионное интервью]
- #  [http://lichnosti.net/people_60.html Viktor Tsoi's biography] at the website lichnosti.net
+#  [http://lichnosti.net/people_60.html Viktor Tsoi's biography] at the website lichnosti.net
- #  [http://rockcult.ru/viktor-coj-v-25-faktah-o-nem/ "Виктор Цой в 25 фактах о нем – Rock Cult"]. Rock Cult (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-03-09.
+#  [http://rockcult.ru/viktor-coj-v-25-faktah-o-nem/ "Виктор Цой в 25 фактах о нем – Rock Cult"]. Rock Cult (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-03-09.
- #  Марианна Цой. (1991). "Точка отсчета". Виктор Цой. Стихи. Документы. Воспоминания. Звезды рок-н-ролла. Л.: Новый Геликон. Сост. Марианна Цой, Александр Житинский. ISBN 5-85-395-018-5.
+#  Марианна Цой. (1991). "Точка отсчета". Виктор Цой. Стихи. Документы. Воспоминания. Звезды рок-н-ролла. Л.: Новый Геликон. Сост. Марианна Цой, Александр Житинский. ISBN 5-85-395-018-5.
- #  Written by Forrest Ciesol for IMDB
+#  Written by Forrest Ciesol for IMDB
- #  [http://en.rian.ru/art_living/20120621/174155307.html "Soviet Rock Idol Tsoi Celebrated in Google Doodle"]. En.rian.ru. 2012-06-21. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
+#  [http://en.rian.ru/art_living/20120621/174155307.html "Soviet Rock Idol Tsoi Celebrated in Google Doodle"]. En.rian.ru. 2012-06-21. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
- #  [https://www.google.com/doodles/viktor-tsois-50th-birthday "Viktor Tsoi's 50th Birthday"]. Google.com. 2012-06-21. Retrieved 2015-03-26.
+#  [https://www.google.com/doodles/viktor-tsois-50th-birthday "Viktor Tsoi's 50th Birthday"]. Google.com. 2012-06-21. Retrieved 2015-03-26.
- #  Mark Zeigler (10 February 2014). [http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2014/feb/10/olympics-speed-skating-Viktor-Ahn/ "Viktor Ahn: For Russia, with love"]. Utsandiego.com.
+#  Mark Zeigler (10 February 2014). [http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2014/feb/10/olympics-speed-skating-Viktor-Ahn/ "Viktor Ahn: For Russia, with love"]. Utsandiego.com.
- #  Barber, Nicholas. [http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180510-leto-premieres-despite-its-directors-house-arrest "Leto premieres despite its director's house arrest"]. Bbc.com. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+#  Barber, Nicholas. [http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180510-leto-premieres-despite-its-directors-house-arrest "Leto premieres despite its director's house arrest"]. Bbc.com. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- #  Joanna Stingray - Tsoi Song, retrieved 2019-11-02
+#  Joanna Stingray - Tsoi Song, retrieved 2019-11-02
 ==Further reading==

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 During the filming of ''Assa'', Tsoi met Natalia Razlogova, the director's assistant. Tsoi later fell in love with Razlogova and separated from Marianna. However, they did not divorce, for the sake of their son.<sup>[13]</sup>
-== Career ==
+=== Early career ===
 Tsoi began writing songs at the age of 17. In the 1970s and the 1980s, rock music was an underground movement limited mostly to Leningrad; Moscow pop stars, endorsed by the Soviet state, ruled the charts and received the most exposure from the media. However, rock music was not popular with the government, and rock bands received little to no funding and were given little exposure by the media. The [[Leningrad Rock Club]] was one of the few public places where rock bands were allowed to perform.
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 Tsoi and Rybin, as members of Avtomaticheskie udovletvoriteli, went to Moscow and performed punk-rock metal at [[Artemy Troitsky]]'s underground concerts. During a similar performance in Leningrad on the occasion of [[Andrei Tropillo]]'s anniversary, Tsoi and Rybin's first met [[Boris Grebenshchikov]]. Later, after a solo concert by Grebenshchikov, they met up and Tsoi played two of his songs to him.<sup>[25]</sup> Grebenshchikov, who had already been a relatively established musician in the Leningrad underground scene, was very impressed by Tsoi's talent and helped him start up his own band.
-== Beginnings of Kino ==
+=== Beginnings of Kino ===
 At the Leningrad Rock Club, Tsoi played as a solo artist supported by members of the band [[Aquarium]]. Tsoi's lyrics and music impressed the crowd. In the summer of 1981, Tsoi, Rybin, and [[Oleg Valinsky]] formed the band ''Garin i giperboloydy'' (Russian: Гарин и Гиперболоиды, ''Garin and the hyperboloids''). The name was a homage to the classic Russian novel ''The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin'' by Aleksey Tolstoy. In autumn of the same year, the band was admitted to membership of the Leningrad Rock Club. Not long after, Valinsky was conscripted into the army, leaving only Tsoi and Rybin, who renamed the band Kino. Kino began recording its debut album in the spring of 1982.
-== First albums ==
+=== First albums ===
 Kino began recording its debut album, ''45'', in the spring of 1982 at Andrei Tropillo's studio. Members of Aquarium also took part in the recording, with Boris Grebenshchikov directing the album. By the summer, the album was completely finished. Its duration was 45 minutes, after which the album was named 45. The album got some distribution and Kino performed in many apartment concerts in Moscow and Leningrad.
 On 19 February 1983, a joint concert with Kino and Aquarium took place. After the concert, Yuri Kasparyan was invited to join the band as a guitarist. In the spring, Rybin left Kino due to disagreements with Tsoi. Tsoi and Kasparyan spent the summer on joint rehearsals. As a result, Kino recorded the album 46, which was initially thought of as a demo for ''Nachalnik Kamchatki'' (Russian: Начальник Камчатки, Chief of Kamchatka). 46 was widely distributed and was considered to be a full-fledged album. In the fall of 1983, Tsoi went to a psychiatric hospital in Pryazhka, where he spent a month and a half. As a result, Tsoi was not conscripted into the army.<sup>[26]</sup> After being discharged from the psychiatric hospital, he wrote the song "Trankvilizator" (Russian: Транквилизатор, Tranquilizer).<sup>[27]</sup>
-== Rise to fame ==
+=== Rise to fame ===
 was a breakthrough year for Kino. The release of their 6th album ''Blood Type'' (Gruppa Krovi) triggered what was then called "Kinomania". The open political climate under glasnost allowed Tsoi to make ''Blood Type'', his most political album, yet it also allowed him to record a sound of music that no one before him had been able to play. Most of the tracks on the album were directed at the youth of the Soviet Union, telling them to take control and make changes within the nation; some of the songs addressed the social problems crippling the nation. The sound and lyrics of the album made Tsoi a hero among Soviet youth and Kino the most popular rock band ever. In the diverse Soviet republics, fans translated his originally Russian lyrics into their native languages as well.
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 <youtube> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXgWvFd16iI </youtube>
-== 15 August 1990: Death ==
+=== 15 August 1990: Death ===
 [[File:Mourning ceremony Victor Choi.jpg|thumb|Tsoi's fans mourning in Leningrad. Photo by Wikipedia user Henkipenky]]
 On 15 August 1990 in Latvia, Tsoi was driving on the Sloka – Talsi highway, near Tukums and Riga. At 12:28 p.m., Tsoi died in a car collision. The investigation concluded that Tsoi had fallen asleep while driving, possibly due to fatigue;<sup>[14][15]</sup> he had not consumed alcohol for at least 48 hours before his death.<sup>[16]</sup> At the time he fell asleep Tsoi was driving at a speed of at least 130 km/h, causing his dark blue Moskvitch-2141<sup>[17]</sup> to turn into the oncoming lane and collide with an Ikarus 250 bus.<sup>[18]</sup> Tsoi was pronounced dead at the scene. The bus driver was not injured. Tsoi's car was completely destroyed to the point that one of its tires was never found.
@@ Line 124: / Line 124: @@
 [https://www.google.com/doodles/viktor-tsois-50th-birthday Viktor Tsoi's 50th Birthday] Google Doodle
 [[Category: Russian Profiles]] [[Category: Soviet Profiles]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:25, 26 May 2020
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−	~~this page is under construction~~
−
	[[File:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg\|thumb\|Viktor Tsoi in Moscow, 1986. Photo by Igor Vladimirovich Mukhin]]		[[File:Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg\|thumb\|Viktor Tsoi in Moscow, 1986. Photo by Igor Vladimirovich Mukhin]]
	Viktor Robertovich Tsoi (Russian: Ви́ктор Ро́бертович Цой; 21 June 1962 – 15 August 1990) was a [[:Category: Soviet Union\|Soviet]] singer and songwriter who co-founded [[Kino]], one of the most popular and musically influential bands in the history of Russian music.		Viktor Robertovich Tsoi (Russian: Ви́ктор Ро́бертович Цой; 21 June 1962 – 15 August 1990) was a [[:Category: Soviet Union\|Soviet]] singer and songwriter who co-founded [[Kino]], one of the most popular and musically influential bands in the history of Russian music.

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 During the filming of ''Assa'', Tsoi met Natalia Razlogova, the director's assistant. Tsoi later fell in love with Razlogova and separated from Marianna. However, they did not divorce, for the sake of their son.<sup>[13]</sup>
 == Career ==
@@ Line 52: / Line 39: @@
 Over the next few years, Tsoi appeared in several successful movies and also travelled to the United States to promote his films at film festivals. Several more albums were released, their themes were once again mostly political, further fueling the band's popularity. Even though Tsoi was a huge star, he still lived a relatively ordinary life. He kept his old job in the boiler room of an apartment building, called Kamchatka, which is currently a museum/club dedicated to the singer. The fact that he worked at a boiler plant surprised many people. Tsoi said that he enjoyed the work and he also needed the money to support the band, as they still received no government support and their albums were copied and passed around the nation via samizdat free of charge. This made Tsoi even more popular among the people because it showed that he was down to earth and they could relate to him. He also went on tour in 1988–1989 to Italy, France, and Denmark. Kino's finest hour came in 1990 with a concert at Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium. 62,000 fans filled the stands to celebrate the triumph of the USSR's most successful rock group. It also was one of the four times the Luzhniki Olympic Fire was ever lit.
 == Film appearances ==
@@ Line 82: / Line 83: @@
 == References ==
- # [http://www.rigathisweek.lv/event/cultural_agenda/heavy/cabaret-band-silver-wedding-bellorussia/381 "Cabaret Band Silver Wedding /Bellorussia/"]. Cabaret Band Silver Wedding /Bellorussia/ - Riga This Week. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+# [http://www.rigathisweek.lv/event/cultural_agenda/heavy/cabaret-band-silver-wedding-bellorussia/381 "Cabaret Band Silver Wedding /Bellorussia/"]. Cabaret Band Silver Wedding /Bellorussia/ - Riga This Week. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- #  [http://www.dispatchbox.net/index.php/2013/07/14/retour-en-urss-gloire-du-soviet-rock-et-de-viktor-tsoi/ "Retour en URSS : gloire du Soviet Rock et de Viktor Tsoï"]. Dispatchbox.net. 14 July 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+#  [http://www.dispatchbox.net/index.php/2013/07/14/retour-en-urss-gloire-du-soviet-rock-et-de-viktor-tsoi/ "Retour en URSS : gloire du Soviet Rock et de Viktor Tsoï"]. Dispatchbox.net. 14 July 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- #  OKS LU (1 December 2012). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7t0-nZ6KfU "Родители Виктора Цоя в пер. ЛЮБОВЬ СКВОЗЬ ГОДЫ 2008 г".] YouTube. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+#  OKS LU (1 December 2012). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7t0-nZ6KfU "Родители Виктора Цоя в пер. ЛЮБОВЬ СКВОЗЬ ГОДЫ 2008 г".] YouTube. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- #  [https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fprimamedia.ru%2Fnews%2Fsociety%2F04.02.2015%2F418926%2Frodstvenniki-viktora-tsoya-zhili-vo-vladivostoke-v-rayone-pervoy-rechki.html Relatives of Viktor Tsoi lived in Vladivostok in the area of the first Rivers (translation)].Alexander Zhitinsky, Цой forever, 2012 – p. 41
+#  [https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fprimamedia.ru%2Fnews%2Fsociety%2F04.02.2015%2F418926%2Frodstvenniki-viktora-tsoya-zhili-vo-vladivostoke-v-rayone-pervoy-rechki.html Relatives of Viktor Tsoi lived in Vladivostok in the area of the first Rivers (translation)].Alexander Zhitinsky, Цой forever, 2012 – p. 41
- #  [http://petersburglike.ru/2015-08-23/dom-so-shpilem-ili-generalskij-dom/ "Дом со шпилем или "Генеральский дом""]. Petersburglike.ru. 23 August 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+#  [http://petersburglike.ru/2015-08-23/dom-so-shpilem-ili-generalskij-dom/ "Дом со шпилем или "Генеральский дом""]. Petersburglike.ru. 23 August 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- #  [http://www.rosbalt.ru/piter/2012/06/21/994918.html "Здесь жил Цой"]. Rosbalt.ru. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+#  [http://www.rosbalt.ru/piter/2012/06/21/994918.html "Здесь жил Цой"]. Rosbalt.ru. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- #  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Tsoi#CITEREF%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B92012 Житинский 2012].
+#  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Tsoi#CITEREF%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B92012 Житинский 2012].
- #  [http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/music/viktor-tsoy/ "Prominent Russians: Viktor Tsoy."] RT. Retrieved on 8 November 2011.
+#  [http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/music/viktor-tsoy/ "Prominent Russians: Viktor Tsoy."] RT. Retrieved on 8 November 2011.
- #  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Zhitinsky Alexander Zhitinsky], Цой forever, 2012 – p. 64
+#  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Zhitinsky Alexander Zhitinsky], Цой forever, 2012 – p. 64
- #  [http://lichnosti.net/people_60.html "Виктор Цой (Victor Tsoy)]. Биография. Фотографии". Lichnosti.net. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+#  [http://lichnosti.net/people_60.html "Виктор Цой (Victor Tsoy)]. Биография. Фотографии". Lichnosti.net. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- #  [http://pages.sbcglobal.net/slon/page/paper/tsoy.html «Петербургский курьер». Он не был ангелом, как не был и демоном] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090118142837/http://pages.sbcglobal.net/slon/page/paper/tsoy.html Archived] 2009-01-18 at the Wayback Machine
+#  [http://pages.sbcglobal.net/slon/page/paper/tsoy.html «Петербургский курьер». Он не был ангелом, как не был и демоном] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090118142837/http://pages.sbcglobal.net/slon/page/paper/tsoy.html Archived] 2009-01-18 at the Wayback Machine
- #  Fedorova, Anastasiia. [https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/8741/viktor-tsoi-rockstar-soviet-music "Remembering Viktor Tsoi: why the rebellious rock poet is still a hero for our time"]. Calvertjournal.com. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+#  Fedorova, Anastasiia. [https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/8741/viktor-tsoi-rockstar-soviet-music "Remembering Viktor Tsoi: why the rebellious rock poet is still a hero for our time"]. Calvertjournal.com. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
   #  [http://ria.ru/spravka/20150815/1181465291.html "Биография Виктора Цоя"]. РИА Новости. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
   #  [http://ria.ru/spravka/20150815/1181465291.html Схема аварии на сайт]е РИА Новости // ФГУП РАМИ «РИА Новости» 2007, 15.08.2007; : «В 12 час. 28 мин на 35 км трассы из-за поворота со скоростью 60–70 километров в час выехал автобус Икарус, который Цой не заметил.»

@@ Line 71: / Line 71: @@
 On June 21, 2012, Google commemorated Tsoi's 50th birthday with a Google Doodle reminiscent of the Tsoi Wall.<sup>[29][30]</sup>
-Viktor Ahn, a South Korean-born Russian short track speed skater chose his Russian name "Viktor" in honour of Tsoi.<sup>[31]
+Viktor Ahn, a South Korean-born Russian short track speed skater chose his Russian name "Viktor" in honour of Tsoi.<sup>[31]</sup>
 [[File:1024px-Tsoi Wall 02.jpg|thumb|The Tsoi Wall in the Arbat District of Moscow. Photo by Wikipedia user Superchilum]]
 In 2012, on what would have been Tsoi’s 50th birthday, the remaining members of Kino gathered to record the song "Ataman" ("Атаман"), with his vocals that were recovered from his car crash but never used because of its poor quality. The drummer Georgiy Guryanov died shortly after, making "Ataman" the last song recorded by Kino and its members.
-In the 2018 film Summer, Tsoi was played by Teo Yoo.[32]
+In the 2018 film Summer, Tsoi was played by Teo Yoo.<sup>[32]</sup>
 In the 2019 videogame, Metro Exodus, multiple of Kino's songs such as “We Want Changes”, “Watch Yourself”, “A Song Without Words” and “Shut The Door Behind Me", able to be heard on the radio during segments featured on a train as it travels across Russia with her crew in search of a hospitable place to live after a nuclear war. “Shut The Door Behind Me” can also be heard in the beginning of the level 'Taiga' as you and a crew member scout out a beautiful valley.
@@ Line 82: / Line 81: @@
 Joanna Stingray commemorated him in her song, "Tsoi Song"<sup>[33]</sup>
-See also
+==Further reading==
-flag	Russia portal
+# (in Russian) "Виктор Цой, Звезда по Имени Солнце: Стихи, Песни, Воспоминания", Eksmo, 2001.
-	Biography portal
+# Tsoi, Marianna; Aleksandr Zhitinsky (1991). [http://www.kino.volga.ru/helicon.htm#9 Viktor Tsoi: stikhi, dokumenty, vospominaniya (in Russian)]. St. Peterburg: Novy Gelikon. ISBN 5-85395-018-5.
-	Rock music portal
-Koryo-saram, regarding the history and culture of Koreans in Post-Soviet states
+==External links==
-Cui Jian, Chinese rock singer of Korean descent
-References
+[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0875129/ Viktor Tsoi] on IMDb
- "Cabaret Band Silver Wedding /Bellorussia/". Cabaret Band Silver Wedding /Bellorussia/ - Riga This Week. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+[https://www.google.com/doodles/viktor-tsois-50th-birthday Viktor Tsoi's 50th Birthday] Google Doodle
- "Retour en URSS : gloire du Soviet Rock et de Viktor Tsoï". Dispatchbox.net. 14 July 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- OKS LU (1 December 2012). "Родители Виктора Цоя в пер. ЛЮБОВЬ СКВОЗЬ ГОДЫ 2008 г". YouTube. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
+[[Category: Russian Profiles]] [[Category: Soviet Profiles]]